Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain. It is typically noninvasive, with the electrodes placed along the scalp, although invasive electrodes are sometimes used in specific applications. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Diagnostic applications generally focus on the spectral content of EEG, that is, the type of neural oscillations (popularly called "brain waves") that can be observed in EEG signals.
EEG is most often used to diagnose epilepsy, which causes abnormalities in EEG readings. It is also used to diagnose sleep disorders, coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. EEG used to be a first-line method of diagnosis for tumors, stroke and other focal brain disorders, but this use has decreased with the advent of high-resolution anatomical imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Despite limited spatial resolution, EEG continues to be a valuable tool for research and diagnosis, especially when millisecond-range temporal resolution (not possible with CT or MRI) is required.
Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory). Event-related potentials (ERPs) refer to averaged EEG responses that are time-locked to more complex processing of stimuli; this technique is used in cognitive science, cognitive psychology, and psychophysiological research. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography)
Measuring the Effects of TTouch On Equines with EEG
Linda Tellington-Jones’ TTEAM approach is unique in its focus on learning through movement,
specifically slow and gentle movement of the body. The slow pace of TTouch movements are
intentional. Slow movement awakens the brain, increases focus, encourages quiescence and uses
different muscles and neural pathways than when rapid movement is employed. Horses can
learn new skills more effectively and with ease when learning through non-habitual movements
that activate the development of new neural pathways. (via http://www.ttouch.com/PDFs/EEGstudyOfEquineBrainwaves2006.pdf)
The possibilities of AEEG as a diagnostic tool for epilepsy in horses (https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/281012/verslag_AEEG_15-01-111%5D.pdf)
EEG can provide important information about the presence of increased ‘spiking activity’ in the brain of epileptic but non-clinical horses (http://csu-cvmbs.colostate.edu/vth/Pages/sudden-blindness-or-not.aspx)
EEG is most often used to diagnose epilepsy, which causes abnormalities in EEG readings. It is also used to diagnose sleep disorders, coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. EEG used to be a first-line method of diagnosis for tumors, stroke and other focal brain disorders, but this use has decreased with the advent of high-resolution anatomical imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Despite limited spatial resolution, EEG continues to be a valuable tool for research and diagnosis, especially when millisecond-range temporal resolution (not possible with CT or MRI) is required.
Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory). Event-related potentials (ERPs) refer to averaged EEG responses that are time-locked to more complex processing of stimuli; this technique is used in cognitive science, cognitive psychology, and psychophysiological research. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography)
Measuring the Effects of TTouch On Equines with EEG
Linda Tellington-Jones’ TTEAM approach is unique in its focus on learning through movement,
specifically slow and gentle movement of the body. The slow pace of TTouch movements are
intentional. Slow movement awakens the brain, increases focus, encourages quiescence and uses
different muscles and neural pathways than when rapid movement is employed. Horses can
learn new skills more effectively and with ease when learning through non-habitual movements
that activate the development of new neural pathways. (via http://www.ttouch.com/PDFs/EEGstudyOfEquineBrainwaves2006.pdf)
The possibilities of AEEG as a diagnostic tool for epilepsy in horses (https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/281012/verslag_AEEG_15-01-111%5D.pdf)
At our recent TTEAM Training in Middleburg Virginia at FlyAway Stables, Robin Bernhard came to measure half a dozen horses’ brain waves to begin to collect information for a baseline. Below are some of the study parameters. Robin and her team will be continuing assessment of these horses in the future. (https://tellingtonttouch.wordpress.com/2010/06/20/equine-brain-wave-studies-continue-at-flyaway-stables-tteam-training-in-middleburg-va/)
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